Then, last month, citing the political nature of Ms. Sebelius's intervention and finding no "coherent justification" for it, Judge Edward Korman of United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York ordered the F.D.A. to make emergency contraceptives available over the counter to all women, with no age restrictions.
Professor Hiroshi Motomura of U.C.L.A. Law School, who has written often about America's immigration history, said the Obama administration had a compelling justification for bringing the case, and Judge Bolton was exactly right to rule in the administration's favor.
Students of jury behavior, for example, question Daubert's underlying premise of lay incompetence (Vidmar 1995), which provided much of the justification for a threshold screening by judges to keep "junk science" out of the courtroom (Huber 1991).
"I have a lot of respect for Judge Creppy, but there's no justification for what happened," said Joseph A. Vail, a former immigration judge who heads the University of Houston Law School's immigration clinic.
I wrapped myself in this mantle, of course, as a poetic justification for behavior that might otherwise have been judged unhinged, and I did my best to believe in it.
It should publicly articulate an agreed upon set of criteria against which judges must evaluate submissions, and require that judges present a written justification for their choices.
His justification for this was that one only judges that other human beings are thinking by external observation, and he applied a principle of 'fair play for machines' to argue that the same should hold for machine intelligence.
In a summation of the legal justification for the court's decision, the judge wrote: "Facebook could best be described as a digital landlord, a virtual custodian or storage facility for millions of tenant users and their information.
A certain level of agreement is required for decision-makers to see a case as analogous, since that rests on what they judge to be the proper justification for the earlier decision.
The judge rejected the city's justification for the maneuver — that taxi policy is of state concern.
