We also establish that it is site specific as it occurs in the majority of cerebellar JPA (24 of 30 – 80%) followed by brainstem, hypothalamic/optic pathway JPA (10 of 16 – 62.5%) and is rare in hemispheric JPA (1 of 7 – 14%).
We also establish that its prevalence varies with the site of origin within the brain of the JPA, and is more frequent in cerebellar (24 of 30 – 80%) followed by brainstem and optic pathway tumours (10 of 16 – 62.5%), whereas it is rare in hemispheric JPA (1 of 7 – 14%; Tables 1, 2a and b; Figures 1 and 2).
To validate amplification of the genetic interval we identified, DNA was extracted from 17 samples analysed by SNP arrays and an additional independent set of 55 samples including 22 JPA (Tables 1, 2a and b).
A recurrent region of amplification at 12p11.21 was also identified in 7 of 10 JPA and 2 of 5 grade II LGA.
A number of standardised persistence interfaces exist, such as the Java Persistence API (JPA) [24], Java Data Objects (JDO) [25] and the NPersistence API [26] for.NET.
By sending the vacuum to a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) [37, 38], we can create a one-mode squeezed state, in which the squeezed quadrature is defined by the phase of the JPA pump signal.
The relation between the input (hat{a}_{mathrm{in}} ) and the output (hat{a}_{mathrm{out}} ) of a JPA [49] hat{a}_{mathrm{out}} =hat{a}_{mathrm{in}} cosh r+hat{a}_{mathrm{in}}^{dagger}sinh r, (11) is the same as for a squeezing operator.
We thus combined SNP and qPCR data, and further determined the incidence of 7q34 duplication based on histology, for example, sporadic JPA (N=53), NF1-associated JPA (N=4), diffuse astrocytomas (N=27) and the other paediatric brain tumours (N=31).
We demonstrate that 7q34 duplication is specific to sporadic JPA (35 of 53 – 66%) and does not occur in other LGA subtypes (0 of 27) or NF1-associated-JPA (0 of 4).
A total of 115 paediatric brain tumours (average 9.4±4.7 years) were analysed (Tables 1, 2a and b); 57 JPA (53 sporadic, 4 from NF1 Patients), 27 diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), 1 grade II ependymoma, 5 grade I gangliogliomas and 25 high-grade astrocytomas (HGA) were included.
To determine the specificity of 7q34 duplication to a given subgroup of LGA and identify additional genetic aberrations in tumours that do not carry this duplication, we investigated 115 paediatric brain tumour samples including 57 JPA, and 27 diffuse astrocytomas (Tables 1, 2a and b).
