The authors wrote that "some risk behaviors tend to cluster, particularly in certain patterns, and that the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks".
Constructing a joint distribution of low flows between the donor and recipient basins and analyzing their joint risk are commonly required for implementing interbasin water transfer.
Then, by considering the window size of sampling low flows under environmental change, the change in the joint risk of interbasin water transfer was investigated.
If variables are asymptotically independent, incorrectly assuming an asymptotically dependent model can lead to overestimation of the joint risk of extreme events, and hence to higher than necessary design costs of offshore structures.
We chose this additive joint risk model for our base-case simulations and then used different joint risk models in sensitivity analyses.
Even in prospective studies, confounding by joint risk factors remains a strong possibility.
Few studies have previously examined smoking and physical activity as joint risk factors for health and work disability.
13 There are a range of joint risk factors for CVD and miscarriage, including obesity, 14 smoking and alcohol intake.
In the second scenario, we assumed the joint risk to be no higher than the risk of influenza illness alone: joint GBS risk = RR influenza illness) × (6-wk baseline GBS incidence rate).
