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Thus, we verified that the insignificant effect of the abolition of user charges is robust even to the joint exclusion of the unemployed and the elderly from the control group.
According to Huntington (1933: 278), the term "Boolean algebra" was introduced by Henry M. Sheffer (1882 1964) in the paper where he showed that one could give a five-equation axiomatization of Boolean algebra using the single fundamental operation of joint exclusion, now known as the Sheffer stroke (see Sheffer 1913).
What happens here is that previously detached or antagonistic groups are brought together through the use of a joint exclusion of some entity.
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For the subsample of psychotherapy patients, the joint analysis of exclusion criteria showed no associations with the exclusion criterion 'not meeting minimum severity threshold'.
In the current study, severe degenerative joint disease was an exclusion criterion, and a subgroup analysis between knees with and without osteoarthritis was not done.
Table 4 shows the joint effects of the exclusion criteria on symptom outcome.
Annular tears, bulging of the disc, and facet joint degeneration were not exclusion criteria, since these changes are often found in association with disc degeneration and also with MC.
The latter was not anticipated, since clinically relevant orthopaedic limitations, such as a history of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee joint, were defined as exclusion criteria for participation in either exercise intervention programme.
Degeneration of the facet joints was not an exclusion criterion, but symptoms of nerve root involvement were.
The BPWS model given in Eq. 2 identifies the impact of selection in two ways: (1) the correlation parameter of the joint model and (2) using exclusion restrictions of variables (Z jt ).
However, in the joint analysis with the other exclusion criteria, the associations were no longer significant.
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