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Ubiquitin is covalently attached to substrates in a three-step ligation process in which the modifying ubiquitin moiety is activated via high-energy thioesters, and then joined to the substrate via an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal carboxylic acid of ubiquitin and, in most cases, the epsilon-amino group of an accessible lysine residue in the substrate.
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The nickel powder layer gives rise to a Ni-rich layer, joined to the steel substrate, and a Ni3Al sublayer just under the NiAl coating.
In the present work, the CNx films have been joined to the AISI M2 steel substrates through a Ti TiN functionally gradient underlayer.
Almost all enzymes that degrade insoluble substrates contain a substrate binding domain, which is usually joined to the catalytic domain (CBM) (Wilson. 2011).
Thus the 5'-PO4 end of RNA could serve as a ligation donor substrate for joining to the 3'-OH of another RNA 22-mer.
The scaffolds, prepared by polymeric sponge replication, are joined to alumina substrates by a dense glass-ceramic coating (interlayer) and the so-obtained 3-layer constructs are investigated from micro-structural, morphological and mechanical viewpoints.
This work analyzes the wave propagation in structures composed of a periodic arrangement of vertical beams rigidly joined to a plate substrate.
A study is made of the competition between failure modes in ceramic-based bilayer structures joined to polymer-based substrates, in simulation of dental crown-like structures with a functional but weak "veneer" layer bonded onto a strong "core" layer.
It was reported that the amino acid residue His was related to GOD, in which His-520 and His-563, two of the main active sites of GOD, played a catalytic role by joining to substrate and coenzyme FAD through forming hydrogen bonds with the 1-OH of glucose during the reaction (Witt et al. 2000).
Again joins to and the result follows.
1D C/SiC pins with higher shearing strength (107.2 MPa) are more suitable to join the substrates.
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