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When a read operation succeeds an update operation on a data object and cannot read its updated value, it is called a stale read.
Formally, let GRM t (H) be GRM(H) before the iteration t, and GRM t+1(H) its updated value.
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Figure 2b shows the estimated distribution of building vulnerability classes based on ISTAT 1991 data and its updated values to year 2011.
Each message is set to λ times its value from the previous iteration plus 1 ‒ λ times its prescribed updated value, where the damping factor λ is between 0 and 1.
In the past, Russian officials have estimated the amount at about $20bn, but no updated value has been confirmed.
Finally, typical values of stress fields were extracted from the new model with an updated value of the friction coefficient.
Obtain the updated value of Δɛ pfu,n from Eq. (5).
We now suggest another iterative method by using the updated value of the solution.
Otherwise, the conflict and nonconflict graphs are generated again for an updated value of Tstage.
After this editing activity is complete, a reliable updated value h index is obtained.
(5) Obtain the updated value of Δɛ pfu,n from Eq. (5).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com