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Following carbon limitation the pH dynamics became unpredictable and the pH ranged from 5 to 9. When aqueous carbon is limiting, the carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) can no longer provide sufficient CO2 to RuBisCO to support its maximum turnover rate.
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Analysis of the kinetic behavior of the wild type enzyme against TO revealed that not only did phosphorylation increase maximum turnover rate, but it also increased S0.5 compared to the non-phosphorylated enzyme.
In 2009, the Sarkozy government introduced new tax rules to encourage "auto-entrepreneurs" – or one-person businesses with a maximum turnover of €80,300 (around £68,000).
On the other hand, the maximum turnover in Iran is achieved through banking system.
In the screening of metal alloys, three specific catalysts (Co3Ni, Co3Fe and Ni3Fe) were observed to show the maximum turnover of ethane (10−3 s−1) with high selectivity.
The high electrophilicity of thus anchored single atomic Pd II) species is demonstrated, endowing the unprecedentedly maximum turnover number (TON) of 487 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 352 h−1 that expletively exceeds 15 and 88 times of previous heterogeneous catalyst.
As a result, the catalyst exhibited remarkable performance in the direct synthesis of DFF from fructose in a one-pot and one-step reaction, offering a high yield of 87.3% and a maximum turnover number (TON) of 77.7.
A photocurrent density of 70 μA/cm2 has been obtained within 10 s illumination time, and a TON of about 220 was obtained with a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of ca. 4 min−1 within the initial 5 minutes illumination duration.
Enzyme activity (depends on enzyme origin and level of purification) and enzyme loading (amount of enzyme/g substrate; based on experimental conditions) information was transformed into theoretical maximum turnover number (maximum possible number of bonds hydrolyzed per unit time for each enzyme) (N hi_max) (Eq. 1) for each class of enzyme.
For this reason we have used the terms maximum turnover rate and S0.5, corresponding to the substrate concentration leading to half of the maximum turnover rate, to describe the kinetic behavior of the different HSL enzymes.
The S0.5 value was 0.73±0.13 mM and the maximum turnover rate was 2.3±0.11 U/mg (Figure 8F and Table 2).
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