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The effect of such bottlenecks depends upon the effective size of the ancestral population, its initial variation, the duration of the bottleneck, and the nature of the marker under study.
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Nevertheless, it was evident that some of the initial variation in female readiness to copulate was retained between situations.
Note that by definition τ does not depend on the initial variation in preferences.
Above this temperature, this law can again be checked if the initial variation of double bond concentration due to thermal polymerization is taken into account.
Finally, we illustrate that the initial variation in the microstructure clustering can lead to about ±7.0%, ±8.1%, and ±9.75% variation in the elongation to failure strain for torsion, tensile, and compressive loading, respectively.
Fig. 22 Evolution of normalized resistance of synaptic devices is shown, for the 60% initial variation case.
Thus, as a result of the PC analysis, we reduced the space of the original 82 variables describing ILs to only 2, preserving 90.09 % of the initial variation.
For the case of high superheated temperature, the phase transition of argon films is so rapid that the explosive boiling occurs at the initial variation period.
The initial variation in the VOC signal is due to inoculation of the reactor with an active culture, and the initial peak decays away due to the sparging process.
This signifies that important amounts of the initial variation are redistributed among the higher order components 2, 3 and 4. On the contrary, performing the analysis without centering results in higher absolute standard deviations.
They wanted to see if they could find a population of cichlid fishes where they could detect the initial variation in female preference necessary for the process of speciation.
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