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Although pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a modulator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity through its cleavage of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP -4 and -5, has been known for more than two decades, knowledge about IGFBP -4in andhitecture is still incomplete.
Mus81 is speculated to be involved with the PRR pathway (in addition to its better characterized role in homologous recombination) by means of its cleavage of the stalled replication forks that the PRR pathway acts upon [57].
BoNT-B internalization into spinal cells, its cleavage of VAMP I/II protein, and the lack of BoNT-B effect in the rat with known BoNT-B resistance suggest that intrathecally delivered BoNT-B exerts its effects on neurotransmitter release in part through VAMP I/II cleavage in sensory afferents.
With one exception, all synthetic Notch pathway modulators known to date inhibit γ-secretase, which is perhaps best known for its cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Driving a mutant form of tetanus toxin carrying two point mutations that block its cleavage of synaptobrevin (IMPTV) caused an intermediate response to these pheromones.
However, much of the biological significance of the Mus81 endonuclease, specifically its role in CO formation, has been attributed to its cleavage of HJs, which is low at best.
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Despite limited/lacking apoptosis induction in A-375/A-375-TS by TRAIL alone, the initiator caspase-8 was activated, evident by its cleavage products of 43, 41 and 18 kDa.
PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) is a substrate of caspase-3 and -7 and its cleavage is one of the well-known markers for the activation of downstream signals during the apoptosis.
Through its proteolytic cleavage of cohesin, separase plays a critical role in chromosome segregation that is evidently highly conserved in all eukaryotes.
In its absence, cleavage of primary RNA transcripts is abnormal, leading to decreased expression of mitochondrially encoded proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction.
DX1 treatment activated caspase-8 based on the determination of its cleavage and decrease in the levels of Bid (Fig. 4A).
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