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Two recent developments, however, should raise the political costs for China and may cause it to alter its calculus.
While the country does not want war, its calculus leads it to cultivate a permanent risk of one — and prepare to stave off defeat, should war happen, potentially with nuclear weapons.
Thus, if Beijing is genuinely committed to cleaning up the country's polluted air, water, and soil, it must refine its calculus for grading and rewarding the performance of local officials.
Moscow will need to revise its calculus about the likely outcome of the Syrian civil war.
The Billboard Hot 100 only added streaming data to its calculus recently, but the chart has always altered its methodology based on the distribution models of the day.
Its calculus system offers a theoretic way to connect components via connectors, and then provides a theoretical basis for further verification.
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Ms. Coletti said the College Board revised its Advanced Placement calculus about a decade ago, giving it more depth and less breadth, and wanted to do the same with its biology, chemistry and physics courses, as the study group recommended.
Going forward, this is likely to affect its strategic calculus vis-à-vis the U.S. and its nuclear program.
It's certainly objectionable too, deliberately so: the resentment and repugnance it arouses are evidently a part of its underlying calculus.
It follows, then, that in 2017 "The Bachelorette," on its surface an escapist soap, might also brandish a sneaky pessimism: above all, it is a game show, and whoever works its weepy calculus most skillfully wins, plain and simple.
Nothing on television matches its freaky calculus of exploitation and good will.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com