All items worded negatively were reverse coded for the purpose of analysis.
Additionally, this questionnaire has items worded that are consistently 'positive' and avoid a deficit connotation [ 40].
It was based on items worded as shown in Figure 1.
The PTSD-RI consists of 20 items, worded to include a description of the name of the traumatic event.
This self-administered test has 20 questions, with 15 items worded toward increasing anxiety levels and five questions worded toward decreasing anxiety levels.
First, the scoring for items worded in the negative were reversed, so that a higher score indicated better care coordination for all items.
The SPS has 24 items that are rated as 1 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree) with half of the items worded as positive and half as negative.
At least one child per focus group said that items worded in declarative fashion, e.g. "I feel very lonely", implied that a child should say 'yes'yes
Additionally, although the scale is balanced, there is an item wording direction bias in the clusters; aggression items are pro-trait, and conventionalism items are con-trait.
Table 1 Survey items and latent variables Item Wording Scale Latent variable Cronbach's α Q6b I am confident in my mathematical abilities.
