Sentence examples for items were systematically from inspiring English sources

All these items were systematically easier for in-service teachers and pre-service teachers who had already entered the practical phase than for pre-service teachers who were still in the university phase.

Similar to the process of eliminating items from a scale to increase inter-item reliability as evidenced by a Cronbach's α, Guttman scale items were systematically tested in order to achieve adequate levels of reproducibility and scalability.

However, since differences in item functioning were not observed systematically across all three items (one item was systematically easier for males, while two items were systematically easier for females), the analysis did not indicate a gender bias of the item format.

27 Data items were systematically assigned codes using NVivo.

Some START items were systematically missed during completion by practitioners.

Low correlating and highly skewed items were systematically removed and the analysis re-run.

There was support suggesting that in many cultures responses to negatively worded items are systematically different.

Using self-esteem measures (i.e., the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) in 53 countries, D. P. Schmitt and his colleagues found that "… in many cultures the answers to negatively worded items are systematically different from the answers to positively worded items" (Schmitt and Allik 2005, p. 638; see also Hooper et al. 2013; Metsämuuronen 2012a).

If items are systematically leaking then the prediction is that they will be easier on a second or later occasion than on their first use.

While DIF is sometimes considered a form of bias and indicates that responses to an item are systematically affected by factors other than the trait being measured, few items are totally free from such influences [ 34].

The deductively identified categories tend to be overarching themes that were applicable to general implementation studies (e.g., leadership, resources, etc), while analytical categories emerged inductively from transcript analysis using a constant comparison process where each item is systematically checked or compared to the remaining data [ 25].