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The finding that especially the sub-items of the physical function subscale needed adaptations corresponds with findings from several translations of the widely used SF-36 health status measure, which also showed that the most difficult items to translate were physical functioning items that refer to activities not common outside the US [ 31].
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The New York Times criticized the blandness of some dishes and the stringiness of its signature skirt steak entree, while noting that a few of the menu items "manage to translate the place's ambitions to the plate".
FertiQoL prototype: The FertiQol items were designed to translate abstract concepts (e.g. commitment, sense of belonging) into quantitative items that could collectively indicate the impact of fertility problems on QoL.
Eight of the items at each test were translation items, which required students to translate between different representations of mathematical information (see Additional file 1: Appendix A).
Only 5 of the 124 items to be translated had to be rewritten because of culturally inappropriate content.
An item I had to translate concerned prime circles, which have been studied before and which are circular permutations of the numbers 1 to 2m with each adjacent pair summing to a prime.
This suggests that this item is difficult to translate from English and difficult for some participants to understand.
They were requested to translate the items (forward translation) individually in Filipino.
On occasion, this would involve review of the approaches that other (different) language groups took to translate items.
The IQOLA project documents the translation of the MOS physical functioning scale using rigorous methodology and showed that physical function items are particularly difficult to translate because they frequently refer to activities not common outside the USA [ 21, 22].
They do so by introducing turns to translate with items like "le spieghi" ("explain to her") or "le diciamo" ("let's tell her").
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com