We developed six items to assess providers' views of the value of providing SCC.
10 After modification of the original tool, there were still 27 items to assess, making it a complete assessment tool.
In phase 1, we devised a series of items to assess PAthR.
The two scales of the questionnaire were developed by writing items to assess BIS and BAS functioning, respectively.
We developed and applied a checklist of 14 items to assess the quality of the reviewed studies along four dimensions: reporting, external validity, bias, and power.
The self-esteem was assessed with RSES1, which contains ten items to assess one's global self-worth incorporating both positive and negative feelings about the self (e.g., "On the whole, I am satisfied with myself").
We used the Rosenberg self-esteem scale53 (10 items) to assess positive self-esteem (5 items; e.g. 'I was satisfied with myself.') and negative self-esteem (5 items; e.g. 'I felt that I was a failure.')53.
The instrument consisted of 39 items with 15 items to assess professionalism, 13 items to assess communication skills, and 11 items to assess collaboration.
The pretest included two items to assess encoding of equations, two items to assess encoding of graphs, and 10 problem-solving items (8 translation items and 2 conceptual knowledge items) .
In absence of a validated scale, we developed five items to assess implicit coordination based on its definition.
We also developed items to assess students' encoding of graphs and equations (see Additional file 1: Appendix A).
