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There were a total of 10 items on the pretest and 10 on the posttest.
In addition to the content knowledge and attitudes toward science items on the pretest, scales to measure satisfaction with the game and the game's usability were part of the postmeasures.
Similar(58)
Statistically significant differences were observed in two items of the pretest results and no difference in post-test results.
After students signed the Informed Consent form, they were asked to answer the ten items on the ANOVA pretest and were given about 5 min to do so.
We calculated item difficulty on the pretest across both treatments by dividing the number of correct responses for each item by the total number of responses for that item (Crocker and Algina 1986) in order to compare our populations with those reported previously (Price et al. 2014).
The final for this course included 33 of the items from the pretest and were used in the analysis.
Participants performed well on the pretest equation-encoding items, but poorly on the pretest graph-encoding items (see Table 1).
Unclear words and items identified in the pretest were discussed with members of the expert committee and target population.
The average item difficulty for the TOSLS was 0.59 on the pretest and 0.68 on the posttest.
Item difficulties ranged from 0.32 to 0.88 on the pretest and 0.33 to 0.91 on the posttest.
Item discrimination indices ranged from 0.05 to 0.36 on the pretest and from 0.09 to 0.41 on the posttest.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com