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16 17 18 Requiring calorie information to appear on menus and menu boards can potentially affect energy intake by increasing consumer awareness of the high energy content of many menu items, informing consumer decision making, and by encouraging chains to offer and promote lower calorie options.
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The gallery placard next to her signature items informs the Shopper that her line was "inspired by roaring '20s Japanese illustrator Kasho Takahata".
The questionnaire will include several measures: illness representations (as measured by the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire); treatment representations (as measured by Theory of Planned Behaviour-based question items, informed by a prior interview elicitation study); descriptive and demographic details; and questions exploring family environment and beliefs of other important people.
This implies that the response of a person to an item informs on the person's level on this construct.
Each item informs the therapist and client about whether an engagement area needs further attention to understand the composition of a client's disability and occupational goals.
Each item informs the occupational therapist and client on problems related to the ability to engage in daily occupations, needed goals, and how interventions should be planned.
For example, the 10 question-items of the baseline Decisional Conflict Scale assess patients' perceived levels of: uncertainty (2 items), feeling informed (3 items), clarity about the personal value of the risks/benefits/side effects (2 items), and feeling supported in decision making (3 items) [ 47].
ICOAP is an 11-item questionnaire whose items were informed from focus groups with patents with hip or knee OA.
It is based on the three functions of communication (evaluation, information and support), and describes the following dimensions: satisfaction with introducing (one item), satisfaction with facilitating and listening (two items), satisfaction with informing and reassuring (three items), satisfaction with clarifying concerns (one item) and global satisfaction with the interview (one item).
Structure of the optional items was informed by additional PCAs that included optional items in addition to the 30 retained core items; the structure of the core items remained stable throughout these additional PCAs.
Validation of the instrument follows, to assess coherence across the items and inform the removal of poorly discriminating, unreliable or invalid items [ 2].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com