The majority of stem 'a'/frequency items are in the format: Do you ever..... because of your diabetes?
Regarding the former, six items taken from the Pleasant Events Schedule Nursing Home Version (PES-NH [ 58, 59]) and three additional items in the same format allow residents to provide information on the occurrence as well as on how pleasant they find a given activity.
In general correlations between the two formats are higher when the questions in each format are specifically designed to be similar (stem-equivalent), and lower where the items in the two formats differ.
The pictures rotate in a slide show, and when a viewer clicks on one, it replaces the slideshow with information about that item in the same format as the first widget.
For simplicity, three final demand items (household consumption, government consumption, and capital formation including change of inventory) and one value-added item are considered in the format.
All stimuli were presented in triads with one item (picture or letter string) above and two items below in the same format as the item above.
The distractors were compared based on their content (as opposed to their letter denomination in the list of options, which was allocated randomly between the items in different option format), their inclusion in the items, and the number of times that an individual distractor was judged to be performing or discriminating according to the definitions employed in section ii above.
Although not intended at the outset of this study, the set of TARS items framed as 'factors' in the format in which they were presented for eliciting ratings of perceived relative importance (ie without reference to any direction of effect, as presented in Table 3) could be used for the development of research instruments that include questions framed according the specific objective of the study.
Most teaching practice items referred to the format of in-class instruction (54 %), such as group work or problem solving.
A crucial corollary is that in comparing formats, it is essential to ensure that MCQ questions crafted to elicit high order thinking (particularly those which are context-rich) are compared with open-ended questions crafted to the same level; it is inappropriate to compare high-order items in one format with low order items in the other.
