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Prior analyses of student responses to open-ended evolution items have demonstrated that students apply more core ideas about natural selection when asked about animals, but respond with the same number of naive ideas for plant and animal items.
The items have demonstrated good construct validity with older people (Malley et al. 2012).
MDS diagnostic items have demonstrated good reliability when compared to administrative data for common chronic conditions such as diabetes [ 28].
The items have demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .86) in a population of chronic low back pain patients [ 78].
Similar(56)
This brief instrument (14-items) has demonstrated relevance to patients and ease of administration [9].
This single item has demonstrated good face validity.
To this end, the BPI-SF Worst Pain item has demonstrated strong content validity in these patients and, whilst psychometric validity of this item in CRPC patients is to be confirmed, there is considerable evidence from comparable disease areas to support the psychometric properties of this item.
Previous work on the HADS in particular had demonstrated the presence of misfitting items in the scale [ 6].
In the majority of lost laundry item cases, I have demonstrated the ability to locate the item by pointing out that said item was on the person's bedroom floor under a pile of dirty clothing….
Single-item global health ratings have demonstrated consistently to be meaningful indicators of mortality and have better predictive validity for mortality and physical disease outcomes than physician ratings [ 18- 23].
We would also suggest that additional items (medical) be used which have demonstrated to impact falling among elderly community dwellers--such as eye disease and pain.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com