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There is an important phenomenon that the average rating of users and items has shown a certain stability in a certain time period, which helps us predict the score become possibility.
The original questionnaire with its 90 items has shown validity and reliability, but is not always practical for palliative patients.
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Concerning back pain, programmes including these items have shown good results in several studies [ 7, 14- 17].
The items have shown convergent and discriminant validity with other self-report measures and interview ratings [ 21].
The MDS items have shown an excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability when completed by nurses performing usual assessment duties (average weighted Kappa = 0.8[ 27] 27]).
While brief HL and numeracy screening items have shown promise in predicting English-speaking adults' HL and numeracy abilities [ 25– 28], less is known regarding the utility of equivalent Spanish-language HL screening items.
A comprehensive and widely used sleep assessment scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 2010), also assesses sleep quality in the past four weeks by a single item, and the item has shown the highest correlation with the overall score of the same index (Carpenter & Andrykowski, 1998).
52 RAS consists of seven items and has shown good psychometric properties with CSOs of problem gamblers.
The original version has nine items and has shown satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, construct validity (Eklund, 2004; Eklund & Gunnarsson, 2008) and test retest reliability (Eklund & Gunnarsson, 2007).
The Norwegian version of the 7-item ILC has shown satisfactory internal consistency for the 7 items (alpha from 0.64 to 0.81 for the 4th to 10th grade, respectively) and two-week test-retest reliability of 0.86 (ICC) for the ILC LQ0-100 score [ 37].
Item reliability has shown to be sufficient.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com