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The GPEQ [ 11] comprises the following scales which have good evidence for data quality, reliability and validity: workforce situation (4 items), discharge letter (3 items), competence (4 items), guidance (3 items) and emergency situations (2 items).
The General Practitioner Experiences Questionnaire is described in detail elsewhere 1 and comprises the following scales with good evidence for data quality, reliability and validity: workforce situation (four items), discharge letter (three items), competence (four items), guidance (three items) and emergency situations (two items).
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‡If authors of evaluations deemed particular guidance item to be "not applicable" to literature they were assessing, those items were excluded from analysis; for evaluations with zero or one studies in one comparison arm, those evaluations were removed from synthesis because that one arm would determine direction of effect.
The sum of scores from the 10 items provides guidance on whether the respondent engages in hazardous (score 8 15), harmful (score 16 19) or dependent (score ≥20) drinking behaviours, using cut-offs defined by WHO.
In addition, although the authors of the AMSTAR checklist explicitly state the rationale for the inclusion of each item, clear guidance on the use of the items to evaluate a systematic review is lacking in some cases.
The translation went through five steps including a forward-backward translation, guided by explicit item intent guidance, expert panel discussion, pre-test, and a cognitive testing (manuscript in preparation).> -wrap-foot> Some HLQ™ items are truncated.
The final exercise grid will be distributed to the panel members for final approval and an operational manual, with decision rules for each item and guidance on how some information may best be presented (eg, in a Table, or as absolute numbers) and elaboration and explanatory document will be developed.
Two of three guidance items and one item about workforce situation was better in 2008 than in 2006 (table 2).
It facilitates test equating through a simple linear transformation, and its rich description of item performance provides guidance for the writing of new items.
We developed our items using as guidance the K 8 content standards in the NRC's NSES (NRC, 1996).
We designed our extraction protocol based on items from the Guidance and other relevant articles about reporting guidelines.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com