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Selected studies were assessed for quality of their QoL instruments, using a 17 items checklist including 10 items for clinical face validity (issues of relevance to patients' expectations and concerns) and 7 items for measurement properties (such as reliability, responsiveness, etc).. Results: A total of 19 articles, 8 on instrument development and 11 on application, were included in the review.
The protocol employs relevant standard protocol items for clinical trials according to the SPIRIT 2013 statement [ 10], and follows the CONSORT statement [ 11] for transparent reporting.
10 Therefore in our study design we developed and validated a clinical prediction model considering many of the required quality items for clinical prediction rules.
The findings would have been more convincing if the trials had been designed, analyzed, and interpreted following the standard protocol items for clinical trials.
The protocol employs relevant standard protocol items for clinical trials according to the SPIRIT 2013 statement [ 44] and follows the CONSORT statement [ 45] for transparent reporting.
The protocol adheres to the SPIRIT 2013 Statement, which defines standard protocol items for clinical trials [ 21], and the CONSORT guidelines for non-pharmacological interventions [ 22, 23].
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Variations to this included one item for clinical placement cases, one item for down time and two items for participation in patient care.
A previous report has demonstrated the validity of the Mandarin version of the short DAI [ 14], however the scale consists of 8 items and for clinical purposes, and inclusion in large epidemiological surveys, the shorter MDAS may be considered more suitable.
This study examined the validity and reliability of Chinese versions of the 26-item EPIC and of the 16-item EPIC for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.
The aim of this study was to determine relevant items for reporting clinical trials on implantable medical devices (IMDs) and to identify reporting guidelines which include these items.
Negative symptoms often go together with cognitive dysfunction (Berman et al, 1997; Brebion et al, 2000), and negative symptom scales contain several items for the clinical assessment of cognition, like attention, abstraction, and insight.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com