By wearing pins or clothing from the more popular brands in that district, items' effects will be improved; wearing the least fashionable items will do the opposite, and items from brands in between are not affected.
However, previous smokers, especially recent quitters, were more likely than never smokers to use chronic disease management items, effects which remained significant after all adjustments.
The specific items may be summarized into three dimensions: symptoms/problems (12 items), effects of kidney disease on daily life (8 items), and burden of kidney disease (4 items) [ 20].
They comprise 11 domains, including: symptom/problem list (12 items), effects of kidney disease (8 items), burden of kidney disease (4 items), cognitive function (3 items), quality of social interaction (3 items), sexual function (2 items), sleep (4 items), social support (2 items), work status (2 items), patient satisfaction (1 item), and dialysis staff encouragement (2 items).
The dimension symptoms/problems include 34 items, effects of kidney disease on daily life 20 items, burden of kidney disease 4 items, cognitive function 6 items, work status 4 items, sexual functions 4 items, quality of social interaction 4 items, sleep 9 items, social support 4 items and patient satisfaction 2 items.
Ultimately, 32 items in 8 domains were retained: Exertional dyspnea (8 items), Effects of dyspnea (4 items), Chest pain (1 item), Cough (5 items), Fatigue (4 items), Emotional well-being (5 items), Symptom-specific HRQL (4 items) and global HRQL (1 item).
In the remaining six items effect sizes were low (Table 2).
We found gender-related differences within the health care professionals for eight scales and two single items (effect sizes between 0.69 and 1.39) (Table 3).
The interaction effects had the largest variance, next to the item effects.
These conclusions are strengthened and expanded by model-based analyses of recognition confidence and random item effects that also take into account non-systematic sources of variability.
We present logistic and probit mixed models that allow for random subject and item effects, as well as interactions between experimental conditions and both items and subjects in either one- or two-factor repeated-measures designs.
