All charges were adjusted to 2011 dollars using the US city average and all items component of the consumer price index.
Per capita income was updated to 2006 US dollars by using the all items component of the consumer price index (www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm).htm
Our findings show that the 4-item component of the BHS was strongly correlated to the BHS score.
Table 1 shows the mean, standard deviation, median and observed minimum and maximum scores on the BHS, item 7, and the 4-item component of BHS.
Previous researchers proposed that a single item ("My future seems dark to me") and a 4-item component of the Beck's Hopelessness Scale (BHS) can summarise most of the information the BHS provides.
The present study aims to shed light on the characteristics of the 20-item BHS and item 7 and the 4-item component of the BHS in relation to detecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt in the last 12 months and current depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D) [ 22].
Table 2 Rotated components of entrepreneurship matrix Items Components 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.
The original test authors assumed three underlying factors: the cognitive-rational (items 1,5,6,11,12,14), the clinical (items 3,7,8,9,15) and the emotional (items 2,4,10,13) components of ON [ 5].
Then, using exploratory factor analysis, the items and components of the scale were established, with internal consistency determined using Cronbach's alpha.
The QOL-RTI is a general scale with 24 items, assessing components of function, emotion, family/socio-economics (family for short) and general (overall) QOL [ 14].
