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We found that whereas stocks responded strongly to news items categorized as ALERTs, they did not respond greatly to news items categorized as HEADLINEs, which make up the majority of news items.
We also calculated a quality score defined as the total number of items categorized as 'Yes' among 14 items.
From the items categorized as '1 unit change expected' or '3 unit change expected' the kappa showed values ranging from 0.45 to 0.92, indicating a poor agreement for some questions; unsurprisingly, from the items categorized as 'change likely' the kappa value showed lower values ranging from 0.23 to 0.77.
Low risk of bias, where the proportion of items categorized as 'Yes' was high (more than 50%), was observed in the following five items: selection criteria (item 2), description of the index test (item 8), index test review (item 10), uninterpretable results (item 13), and withdrawals (item 14).
As shown in Figure 2, the following 6 of 14 items were observed to have high risk of bias, where the proportion of items categorized as 'No' was high (more than 50%): adequate spectrum (item 1), adequate reference standard (item 3), partial verification (item 5), differential verification (item 6), incorporation bias (item 7), and description of reference test execution (item 9).
Specific patient engagement items categorized as tools, education or infrastructure were further identified and classified as inclusive of each theme.
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All adverse events were categorized as mild.
Toys, stationary products, and home items were categorized as non-food items; oral and general health products were categorized as hygiene-related products.
4. The items constructed in step 3 were evaluated with regard to redundancy and clarity. 5. To obtain a first impression of whether the remaining items cover the fatigue continuum sufficiently, all items were categorized as measuring mild, moderate or severe fatigue levels.
For the overall satisfaction level, those who were satisfied in greater or equal to 75% of the items were categorized under "satisfied" and those who were satisfied in less than 75% of the items were categorized as "un satisfied".
The following two items were categorized as 'Unclear' due to a lack of sufficient information to make a judgment: disease progression (item 4) and clinical review (item 12). Figure 2 Quality of diagnostic studies assessed by QUADAS.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com