The AMC Linear Disability Score (ALDS) item bank aims to measure functional status, as defined by the ability to perform activities of daily life [ 4, 13, 14].
In addition to the six basic items, an additional item about whether the participants were exercising regularly prior to study participation, as defined by the original study authors, was included [ 31].
Response items included participant characteristics and experience with 6 common CAM categories, as defined by the National Institutes of Health.
In cases involving Native American human remains and other "cultural items", as defined by NAGPRA, the Federal land manager is referred to NAGPRA and its implementing regulations.
28 However, within the context of a decision aid, stakeholders have agreed that many items required for informed consent (as defined by the regulatory guidance) and items required for informed decision-making (as defined by the International patient decision aid standards) are important and should be included.
The subscale Sport and Recreation Function holds items representing more difficult lower extremity functions not required for activities of daily living as defined by the items of the KOOS subscale ADL.
Figure 1 shows the degree of clinical impairment (defined as percentage of the sample scoring 2 or higher on the item, indicating 50% or more of the time) in the individual productivity items associated with depression severity categories (as defined by the QIDS-SR scores).
Figure 2 is a graphical presentation of the linear measure of 'shoulder function' as defined by the 13 items including the item hierarchy (right) and the distribution of the sample (left).> -wrap-foot> GroupedRating Rating Scale Model; PCM, Partial-Credit Model; MNSQ, Mean Square; ZSTD, Standardised Z-score; SD, standard deviation.
Discarded PRO subscales were defined as the percentage of PRO subscales with too many items missing to give valid information (as defined by the manual or guide for each PRO) out of the total number of subscales received for each PRO.
In order to guide a proper assessment of study quality or risk of bias to inform decision-making, it is important to identify which items have been included in different tools and whether these items truly evaluate the likelihood of bias, as defined by The Cochrane Collaboration [ 10, 16] and other criteria [ 17].
