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Methodology: At Furniture.com, you can choose from 20,000 items and narrow the options using simple drop-down menus.
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It is possible that specific recall of the wording of an online survey prompt (through inadvertent teaching to the test) helped to define the choice for one test item and narrow the choice for another.
This seems appropriate for a test that purports to assess English at a high level of proficiency, whereas a greater emphasis on items of narrow and very narrow scope would be appropriate on tests targeting lower proficiency levels.
Selecting items for a measure based on alpha may result in almost identical items or might exclude important items, and only tap a narrow part of the underlying construct.
The toolkit had excellent inter-rater reliability and few items with narrow spread of response.
By thinking that all the items must be disaggregated, we miss our mark and narrow our vision at the expensive of both social and economic justice.
This explains the relative risks and narrow confidence intervals observed in items 7 and 14 of Figure 3.
Results from these are also presented in Table 2 > -wrap-foot> and show that there was a significant difference between groups for all items except item three (angry), item five (imitation) and item six (narrow focus).
As can be seen, the GEPT-A predominantly uses items with a narrow or very narrow scope (i.e., requiring the processing of several sentences or less).
And narrow.
And narrow it was.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com