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The mean time to complete the entire survey was 22 minutes for those who completed it online (n = 209) and 33 minutes for those who completed it using paper (n = 40), resulting in average item to completion times of 9.8 seconds for the online administration and 14.7 seconds for the paper administration.
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Respondents were required to make a response to each item to continue questionnaire completion.
The inter-trial interval (ITI) was 500 ms. Participants completed 30 trials of a one-item VWM task, subsequent to completion of the sensorimotor control task.
The items assessing sexual functioning included two items to be completed by all patients, two items for completion by men only, and one item for completion by women only; also, there were three items completed by men or women reporting to be sexually active in the past 4 wk.
Table 2 includes intended population, the number of items and estimated time to completion, and information about reliability and validity for each instrument.
On an item to outcome analysis, all items of the DUNDRUM-3 programme completion scale and all items of the DUNDRUM-4 recovery scale were significantly related to eventual discharge (Table 4).
Participants completed 90 trials of a three-item VWM task (see Figure 1c), subsequent to completion of the one-item task.
Aside from the documentation note, SPs assess students in three domains of the examination – History, Physical Exam and Interpersonal Communication Skills according to completion of items on a predefined checklist (scored "done correctly" = 1, or "not done" = 0), which SPs submit electronically immediately after each encounter.
The raw score is the ratio of the accuracy and the time to completion summed across the items.
Completion rates were over 98% on most items; this high item completion rate can be attributed to the design of the instrument and the verification procedures [ 3].
We developed the ACT to have three characteristics: (1) a theoretical basis, namely the PARIHS framework, (2) parsimony, using the fewest number of items possible to reduce completion time, and (3) items that reflected modifiable features of context.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com