Whether the sort rules were emblematic of superficial or literal aspects of the items (e.g., plants vs. animals or flying vs. nonflying animals); such rules often comprised what Chi et al. (1981 125) referred to as item surface features.
We found that experts and novices perceived different item features to be of significance in card sort tasks, and that sensitivity to item surface features was adversely associated with problem solving success.
In particular, surface roughness as well as inner unhomogeneities seems to foster cross-polarization coupling, that seems on the contrary reduced in presence of sharp, structural protrusions and/or indentations on the item surface.
The small penetration thickness experienced at mm-waves may explain why the scattering in the backward half-space is weakly affected by what is present beyond the item surface.
We also delineated models of evolutionary explanations depending on whether the resources used by participants were primarily scientific KCs (expert), naïve biological concepts and/or item surface features (novice) or mixtures of the two (mixed models).
Thus, similar to the findings from research in physics education, we found that our participants' sensitivity to item surface features in problem categorization was adversely associated with problem solving success (see also Chi et al. 1981; Sabella and Redish 2007; Reif 2008; Nehm and Ha 2011).
Open image in new window Fig. 2 N2 sorption curves of USY3 before and after modification Open image in new window Fig. 3 Pore distributions of USY3 before and after modification Table 4 The pore properties of USY3 before and after modification Item Surface area, m2/g Pore volume, ml/g Before modification 578 0.41 After modification 629 0.44.
It's interesting how that item surfaced before their most difficult challenge of the season, just in time to distract from another bad loss.
We have generated standard and deviant stimuli via equating numerosities along overall surface, or overall circumference, or item surface, or item circumference, at equal times (1/4th of the trials).
Preliminary results using both STAS and SIDE suggest that these methods are robust to minor changes in item surface features, at least in the case of evolution and natural selection (Ha and Nehm, 2011; Nehm and Haertig, 2011).
