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The instrument contains eight subscales as original 36-item questionnaire: physical functioning (PF, 2 items), role limitations due to physical problems (RP, 2 items), bodily pain (BP, 1 item), general health perceptions (GH, 1 item), vitality (VT, 1 item), social functioning (SF, 1 item), role limitations due to emotional problems (RE, 2 items) and mental health (MH, 2 items).
This QoL survey consisted of the following ten subscales: perceived health (five items), pain (two items), QoL (one item), health transition (one item), role functioning (two items), social functioning (one item), physical functioning (six items), cognitive functioning (four items), health distress (three items), energy (four items).
The SF-12 is a shortened form of the SF-36 and contains items on physical functioning (2 items), role limitations because of physical health problems (2 items), bodily pain (1 item), general health perceptions (1 item), vitality (1 item), social functioning (1 item), role limitations because of emotional problems (2 items) and general mental health (2 items).
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It consists of 36 questions grouped in eight domains: vitality (4 items), Physical Functioning (10 items), Bodily Pain (2 items), General Health (5 items), Physical Role (2 items), Emotional Role (3 items), Social Functioning (2 items) and Mental Health (5 items).
The SF-36v2 measures eight different health domains using 36 items: physical functioning (10 items), role limitations due to physical problems (four items), bodily pain (two items), general health (five items), vitality (four items), social functioning (two items), role limitations due to emotional problems (three items), and mental health (five items).
Role strain, the felt difficulty in fulfilling the role obligations of family caregiver, 19 was measured by the 87-item Role Strain Scale of the FCI as the degree of difficulty perceived by family caregivers in administering different types of family caregiving tasks.
The SF-36 contains 8 scales that measure physical functioning (10 items), role physical (4 items), bodily pain (2 items), general health (5 items), vitality (4 items), social function (2 items), role emotional (3 items), and mental health (5 items).
Physical health contains physical function (10 items), role physical (4 items), bodily pain (2 items), and general health (5 items).
Mental health includes mental health (5 items), role emotional (3 items), social function (2 items), vitality (4 items) and change in health (1 item).
The five functional scales include physical function (five items), role function (two items), emotional function (four items), social function (two items) and cognitive function (two items).
In turn, the Mental Health (5 items), Role Emotional (3 items), and Social Functioning (2 items) scales correlate more strongly with the Mental Component and its summary measure (MCS).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com