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For this study, a modest sample to item ratio of 8.5 1 (341 participants, 40 questionnaire items) was achieved (MacCallum et al., 1999).
The scale was administered to a convenience sample of 302 HIV/AIDS consecutive patients taking antiretroviral treatment (ART) from April to May 2010 (the sample to item ratio is 22∶1 and is considered more than adequate [18]).
This requirement was met by the subject:item ratio of 1 55.8 in this analysis.
In the analysis of the iPHA, the subject to item ratio is approximately 300 1.
A major requirement for factor analysis is a considerably large subject:item ratio.
Very few articles (4%, 5/114) compared a posteriori their sample size to a subject to item ratio.
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Although our studies had adequate participants item ratios (1 7 for study 1 and 1 9 for study 2) in accordance with some criteria, others might recommend higher sample sizes.
There are several 'rules of thumb' concerning the appropriate sample size for factor analytic studies such as between 5 and 10 respondents per item; and indeed the majority of such studies use subject to item ratios of 10 1 or less [ 31].
Because it had 39 items, the minimal sample size was 195 based on a participant-to-item ratio of 5 1 [ 22].
The final sample consisted of 201 usable interviews, yielding a response rate of 63% and an observation-to-item ratio of 6.48 1.
A rule of thumb that the subject-to-item ratio for exploratory factor analysis should be at least 10 1 [ 20] was considered.
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