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In step-wise regression analysis, we used the factors derived from our general population data as the independent (predictor) variables, and the item of overall quality of life (OQOL) as the dependent variable.
QOLIE-31consists of seven subscales which are seizure worry (five items), emotional well-being (five items), energy / fatigue (four items), cognitive functioning (six items), medication effects (three items), social functioning (five items), overall QOL (two items) and one item of overall health [ 15].
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Following the first hypothesis, we found moderate-to-large, positive and significant correlations between PTG and all of the domains of quality of life, including the two general items of "Overall quality of life" and "Overall health".
Specifically, single item measures of overall QOL and fatigue have been seen to be prognostic for survival in multiple disease groups [ 1, 20– 20].
These components related to aspects of nurse care (eight items), doctor care (seven items), and a general component incorporating six items indicative of overall satisfaction with access arrangements (Table 2).
While multiple-item, patient-reported surveys are available to measure specific sleep problems, single-item assessments of overall sleep quality provide a useful summary measure and are frequently included in research on FM [ 9].
The students were also surveyed about the experience via paper survey utilizing a four-point Likert scale querying four items: usefulness of overall experience, the online portion, the classroom portion, and preference of flipped classroom format versus traditional lectures (Additional file 1).
This paper provides a series of normative data drawn from multiple sources for the simple single-item measure of overall QOL that has been used in numerous clinical trials, observational research and clinical practice settings.
The present study indicates that the single-item measure of overall QOL has acceptable content and construct validity to be used as a clinical indicator of patient well-being.
Fix color style for 'x' unavailable on item page as part of overall item page status display fix.
Seven of the 15 items of the overall quality of reporting score were correctly reported in fewer than 50% of the studies.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com