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The frailty sub-item of fatigue was considered positive if either question was endorsed.
Both inpatients and outpatients reported scores that were 20 to 30 points higher (worse) than the population based controls in the symptom items of fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, and pain.
The MICD, presented as mean change, for each scale and per item on each scale is: POMS = 5.6, per item = 1.1, SCFS = 5.0, per item = 0.8, GFS = 9.7, per item = 1.0, and the single item measure of fatigue was 2.4 points.
We aim to (1) compare the performance of frailty measures [5-item scale of fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight) (FRAIL), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)] in identifying frailty, using the widely adopted Frailty Index (FI) as "gold standard," and (2) compare their ability to predict negative outcomes among hospitalized older adults.
Participants initially completed the FACIT-F (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue), a 13-item assessment of fatigue [ 12], and the COMPASS (Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale) questionnaire [ 13].
In this regard, single-item measure of fatigue intensity, such as the visual analog scale (VAS) [ 9, 12, 17, 18] and numerical rating scale (NRS) [ 19, 20], seem to be more advantageous than multiple-item measures [ 21].
Specifically, the items assessing feelings of nervousness and worry are characteristic of anxiety, the items assessing feelings of fatigue and insomnia are characteristic of somatic symptoms of both depression and anxiety, and the items assessing feelings of sadness and hopelessness are characteristics of depression [ 15].
The cross-information gained from items of correlated dimensions facilitates the CAT in its selection of the most informative items and estimation of fatigue with optimal precision.
The 16-item Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) measures four dimensions: severity, distress, degree of interference in activities of daily living, and timing.
More recently, the VAS has been utilized as a single-item unidimensional measure of fatigue [ 21] and global HRQOL in adult patients [ 22].
For the multi-item symptom scales of fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and pain, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms in the mean worst post-baseline scores or in the mean change from baseline to worst post-baseline symptom scores.
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