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Removal of this item improved fit, and resulted in a unidimensional scale (Table 3, Analysis 5).
The kidney-specific "overall health" item improved after RTX, from 58 ± 20 to 68 ± 21 respectively, p < 0.001.
The shortened instrument showed a Cronbach's α of 0.741 and no item improved Cronbach's α upon removal.
Secondary endpoints (target plaque area and Itch Severity Item) improved similarly for tofacitinib ointment vs. corresponding vehicle.
Using these thresholds, the domains effect of kidney disease, burden of kidney disease, work status, symptoms and the overall health item improved.
Removal of the misfitting item improved the overall fit of the scale, with no local dependency or DIF, and strict unidimensionality (Table 4, analysis 7).
Similar(49)
Finally, the fatigue item was not considered well representative of its domain by our experts, and removal of the fatigue item improves the internal consistency of the MSWBI.
All MIDAS items improved significantly during 180 days of desogestrel use (TP2).
Patients were considered as excellent responders when both items improved > 66%.
In the post-CONSORT era, reporting of important items improved, in particular in the domains that are crucial to avoid bias and to improve internal validity.
In a 3-month prospective study of 103 migraine patients, for example, all SF-36 items improved after patients were started on pharmacologic migraine prophylaxis [37].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com