The questionnaire administered to 112 students in 2008 comprised a number of demographic items (gender, age, religion, course of study), three open-ended items on the nature of science (NoS) and evolution, and an evolution attitude scale, which incorporated items from existing scales (Rutledge and Warden 1999; Ingram and Nelson 2006).
After adjusting for age, two items were identified for the physical functioning subscale as having DIF with age identified as the DIF factor for 2 items, gender for 1 item and body mass index for 1 item.
After adjusting for age, two items were identified for the physical functioning subscale as having DIF with age identified as the DIF factor for 2 items, gender for 1 item and BMI for 1 item.
Selected variables from these 45 studies were collected in a common data base (i. e. responses to NHP38 items, gender, age, self-reported general health status, and study population).
The Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ) is a 5-min, 14-item, gender-neutral self-report questionnaire designed to assess role function over the preceding month in four domains: workplace, duties at home, leisure time with family and leisure time with friends.
The other nine items were deleted due to floor effects (five items), infrequently performed activity (three items), and gender bias (one item).
The following effects were observed: Item 15: gender and age; item 16: educational level; item 23: gender and educational level.
Each item is gender specific and can be worn underneath other workout clothes, if needed.
9 Scores per item are gender specific and the sum score indicates the total risk estimation.
An additional item showed gender DIF in the functional difficulty domain (getting in and out of a truck, van, or sport utility vehicle [SUV]), and one other item demonstrated gender DIF in the functional pain domain (removing lower body clothing).
To test the hypothesis that some items might present different reporting patterns, we tested for interaction terms between each item and gender.
