However, in the many cases where such attitudes are invoked, rather than being directly activated through the use of highly stable lexical items, such categorisation becomes problematic.
Regarding the question of relevance of the items, there was also great variability of opinions of the 48 items in the categorisation and of the 54 items discarded by MS and BM from literature review.
The distribution is shown in Figure 2. The assessors showed a close correlation in their assessment of the multiple-choice questions according to the item writing flaws categorisation.
This in turn resulted from a significant negativity for List 1 items relative to List 2 items in the Categorisation groups (F1, 29 = 7.34, p = .01), though not for the Recognition groups.
The participants were also asked to assess the relevance of all items collected from the literature review (both the items included in the categorisation and the items discarded by MS and BM) on a four-point scale; irrelevant to high relevance.
In the second round, the appropriateness of the revised set of 33 items and the new categorisation was tested.
¥Themes are based on authors' categorisation of items raised by focus groups for the purpose of their grouping into common areas.
Our categorisation of individual items under the themes mentioned in the literature as sensitive might have been done differently by other researchers.
These improvements, as well the higher sensitivity shown by the Role Physical scale to discriminate between groups that differ by age, schooling, and race/colour, can be attributed to changes in the categorisation of the items that make up these scales.
In order to gain greater understanding of the broader themes behind these ranked items, an inductive exercise was undertaken in which the researchers coded each item into broader categories to facilitate categorisation and communication of results.
