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The interviewers read aloud the time frame of the item, the item statement and the item answer categories for every item.
DDMC item answer choices look quite conventional, but the statistical performance of these items is very different than conventional items, because a particular wrong answer is chosen by most of those students who incorrectly answer the item.
The acceptability of the tool was controlled by means of an open-field form so that the workers who answered the pre-final version of the MUEQ-Br could report any doubts, their impressions and incomprehension of each item, answer choices, item headings, instructions, and the tool's layout.
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All item answers are indicated as "yes" (score = 1), "no" (score = 0), or "unable to determine" (score = U).
Because the number of missing responses correlates significantly with persons' abilities (Kendall's τ = −.243, p = .000), we interpreted a missing response as an inability in item answering.
In the remaining questionnaires, item answers with missing values were recoded as 0 (zero).
The score was calculated by assigning one point for each item answered correctly.
The second step of the complete dataset simulation corresponded to the determination of the item answers.
Postoperatively, there were 114 of 462 item answers with ceiling effects as compared to 47 answers preoperatively.
Preoperatively, there were 36 item answers (out of 462) with floor effects as compared to 5 postoperatively.
Only one of the following items (answer below) is untrue - can you guess which?
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com