Exact(13)
In fact, it was observational studies that helped convince medical experts -- incorrectly, as it turned out -- that estrogen protected women from heart attacks and strokes.
It was observational study that suggested that hormone replacement in postmenopausal women reduced risk of heart attack, while subsequent clinical trials found that the treatment increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
Because it was observational, researchers were unable to rule out the possibility that other lifestyle characteristics, such as physical activity and income, might have influenced rates of memory decline.
Firstly, it was observational and not a randomised study.
It was observational rather than testing a hypothesis.
A limitation of the radiological study was that it was observational data.
Similar(47)
Will it be observational?
Finally, what I am about to share is not scientific data but it is observational data.
So it is observational comedy with a splash of relatable stuff, such as coming late to fatherhood.
As a photographic essay, American Night is as much conceptual as it is social critique, as perversely poetic as it is observational.
The scientists acknowledge that the study has limits, especially because it is observational in nature, studying a group over a period of time, as opposed to a controlled experiment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com