When the study did not report the 95 % CI, it was calculated by its P-value or O-E statistic (difference between numbers of observed and expected events).
It was calculated by planimetric analysis, and calculation was done by means of a measuring microscope.
It was calculated by the EFDC model.
At time points when the unmetabolized fraction was not measured, it was calculated by linear interpolation of the measured fractions.
It was calculated by Lanza et al. (2005) to compensate for the very small number of Italian historical data between AD 1600 and 1805.
It was calculated by subtracting the actual score from the mediated score, which indicated the extent to which the student had benefited from the mediation.
It was calculated by comparing the Rf of the peak, peak start, peak apex, and peak end of the standard and extract.
Regarding the cost of provisioning the VMs, it was calculated by multiplying the uptime of each site with the per processors baseline cost of operation.
It was calculated by the simple expression T = 2π (MI/k); the values of the stiffness parameters are summarized in Table 4.
It was calculated by using the following formula: baseline ICU lactate (hour 0) minus lactate at hour 6, divided by baseline ICU lactate, then multiplied by 100. 3.
The loss in weight was taken as cellulose and it was calculated by the following formula: {text{ADF }}left( % right), = frac{{{text{Weight of ADF}} - {text{Weight of dried residue after acid treatment}}}}{text{Weight of sample}} times 100.
