However, when patients with a history of non-infective posterior inflammation present with recurrent symptoms of a flare-up, there is naturally a much lower suspicion of an infective aetiology and immunosuppression is usually commenced for the 'flare-up'.
In organ transplantation, long-term immunosuppressive and glucocorticoid therapies that are usually commenced at high doses soon after the procedure greatly increase the risk of fragility fracture in these patients.
The IABP is usually commenced at a rate of 1 : 1.
In our unit, caffeine is usually commenced in the first week of life even if the infant requires positive pressure ventilation via endotracheal tube.
Insulin treatment is usually commenced late in the course of the disease, and in some patients, after many years of high glycaemic burden.
In contrast, once a decision is made to withdraw therapy, ventilation or inotropes will be stopped, heavy sedation is usually commenced and death will typically ensue.
Tacrolimus and sirolimus taper usually commenced between day 60 to 100, with the goal to be off all immune suppression by 6 9 months post transplant in the absence of GVHD.
In our study, without day-to-day clinical data on patients, we were limited to adjusting for baseline factors and major interventions (such as mechanical ventilation) usually commenced early in ICU admission.
Despite the evidence of the benefits of early initiation of ART [ 7, 8]in sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV pandemic is most severe, cART is usually commenced at later stages of the disease and often after the onset of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [ 9] when the risk of death is much higher [ 10].
HAART is usually commenced towards the end of a long period of increased TB risk [ 32] and although associated with a reduction in TB incidence, [ 3, 21, 23, 24, 33] this is off-set to some degree by increased survival and consequent longer period at risk.
