These results provide, to our knowledge, a first experimental demonstration that variation in learning abilities among males plays a functionally important part in the expression of a sexually selected trait, and further provide support for the hypothesis that song functions as an indicator of male quality because it reflects variation in response to early developmental stress.
In this context, it reflects variation in temperature, moisture and light conditions among logs in each of the broad exposure types (forests and clear-cuts).
We suggest that the RADseq approach is useful to investigate these questions because it reflects variation across the whole genome, arguably better than the small number of microsatellite markers often used (Zink 2010).
In the three species, the different degree of telomere elongation did not seem to be related to clear-cut differences in telomerase activity; it could be hypothesized that it reflected variations in telomere chromatin organization leading to a different accessibility of telomeres to telomerase.
It is unclear whether this association reflects confounding by greater severity of illness in patients whose intravenous fluid requirements are higher or in whom efforts to remove fluid are poorly tolerated, or whether it simply reflects variation in the timing of RRT initiation.
The survey is national in scope and reflects variations based on where IT professionals work, years and experience and type of company worked for.
No other white grape reflects variations of climate and soil type so faithfully.
We assume that this reflects variations from experiment to experiment.
It may reflect variations in the underlying prevalence by gender of stone disease.
While we have applied rigorous statistical testing to our dataset, ω > 1 may not always be a indicator of protein functional shift as it may reflect variations in effective population size [ 68], recombination events [ 52], biased gene conversion [ 69] or relaxation of functional constraint [ 70].
The fact that Ontario continued to have higher adjusted rates could indicate that other types of risk adjustment are warranted (e.g., agency-level risk adjustment) or it could reflect variations in processes of care that resulted in different outcomes between the two regions.
