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5. Perhaps the special case is all we need if we go on to say: a theory is ontologically committed to whatever the existential sentences that it logically entails are committed to.
The axioms for plausibility relations say that tautologies are more plausible than contradictions, any two logically equivalent sentences are plausibility-related to other sentence in precisely the same way, a sentence is no more plausible than the sentences it logically entails, and the no more plausible than relation is transitive.
Because we can sometimes discover that a thought τ is logically entailed by a set T of thoughts only after a careful analysis of some of the apparently-simple components of those thoughts, so too we will sometimes be able to discover that a set of thoughts is inconsistent, i.e. that it logically entails a contradiction, on the basis of such conceptual analysis.
A backbone of a satisfiable formula is simply the set of literals it logically entails.
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Institutions that count as authoritative in a legal system create, modify, or extinguish a legal right or obligation, primarily through the production of a legal text such as a statute, decree, regulation, or judicial decision that sets it out or logically entails it.
For instance, "if you fetch the paper for me, you'll get candy" is a tentative proposal, as it does not logically entail that a failure to fetch the paper will result in no candy; it is possible that candy can be acquired by another route.
Theorem (Conditional Certainty for Logical Consequences) When \(A\) logically entails \(B\), \(p(B\mid A =1\).
All we need to do is consider a person who infers P from E where E logically entails P, but where the entailment is far too complex for the person to see or even understand.
It follows because, in classical first-order predicate logic, universal sentences have existential import: '∀x φ(x)' logically entails '∃x φ(x)'.
One might, for instance, say that if a proposition about t logically entails a proposition about a later time, it expresses a soft fact about t.
This suggests a stronger requirement on a formal system of logic namely, that p be derivable from X by the system whenever X logically entails p. The usual systems of logic satisfy this requirement because, besides the completeness theorem, there is also a compactness theorem: A theory X has a model if every finite subset of X has a model.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com