To evaluate the equivalence of Spanish version 1.0 to the original, it was independently back-translated to English by two native professional translators who were highly fluent in Spanish.
It was then independently back-translated.
Once a translation was deemed to be acceptable, it was then independently back-translated into English.
We translated the questionnaire into Dutch, and independently back-translated it into English to check accuracy of the initial translation, both literally and idiomatically.
A Dutch teacher working at the Fundashon di Planifikashon di Papiamento and a teacher Papiamento translated it, independently from each other, back from Papiamento in Dutch.
Last year the German scholar Jürg Meyer zur Capellen and the American curator Everett Fahy independently backed Miss Pagnotta's judgment.
They are calling on the company to pay the independently backed London living wage of £9.40 an hour.
Although it will be distributed in this country by Warner Brothers, "Femme Fatale" was financed in Europe, and returning to a self-generated, independently backed project after so many years within the traditional studio framework seems to have liberated Mr. De Palma.
Moreover, when authors of studies with drug company financing did report adverse events, they were less likely than authors of independently backed studies to interpret them as clinically significant.
A review of more than 500 studies has found that independently backed studies of the inhalers, formally known as inhaled corticosteroids, are up to four times as likely to find adverse effects as studies paid for by drug companies.
"We feel that the most valuable skills are gained from living independently back in clients' own neighborhoods where they are using the support systems around them to enable themselves," Mr. Hess said.
