Yale's Web site says it conducts criminal background checks of its employees, and since 2007, it has required all educational and employment credentials be verified.
Since 2009, it has required that all contracts struck with its members adhere to rulings by its committees on credit events.
Over the past decade it has required Petrobras, the state-controlled oil company, to meet ever tougher domestic-content requirements.
But it has required a shift in mindset.
In the most severe cases, it has required joint replacements.
But it has required them to be almost identical to the protections of habeas.
Since then, Mr. Hart said, it has required "a lot of renovation work".
It has required endless tinkering with the size, shape and style of letters.
"It has required stamina that I've never had before," Siskind said.
Williams likes the start-up grind, but it has required a change in mind-set.
It has required a huge effort from course workers to salvage and prepare the tracks.
