Despite general agreement on the intrinsic and instrumental values of CE and the growing scholarship on the practice of CE in global health research [ 1, 13- 19], questions remain about the potential impact of various CE methods, approaches and models and it is not clear what constitutes effective community engagement, particularly in the context of genomic research in Africa.
And it lowered the bar still further on what constitutes "effective assistance of counsel" under the Sixth Amendment, affirming a death sentence for a defendant whose court-appointed lawyer once represented the murder victim in an unrelated case.
With a strong data infrastructure and committed international partnership, Liberia could generate invaluable and sorely lacking comparative effectiveness data, helping to define what constitutes effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in poor, post-conflict settings.
Although these ideas and techniques are all attempts to promote effective management in the public sector, there is no real agreement on what constitutes effective management.
"Policy makers, in my view, should be more focused on what constitutes effective prudential supervision, rather than be diverted to the less consequential discussion as to who should perform it," Mr. Warsh told the New York Association for Business Economics.
"What constitutes effective counsel has become much more rigorous," said Bowe. "As that becomes more rigorous, the courts are essentially telling the lawyer, 'You've got to look into all this stuff.' So I think there has been a natural growth and it's naturally going to lead to more brain imaging and scanning".
But a key question is how Kenya will now define what constitutes effective security.
What constitutes effective organization seems to vary widely between teachers, institutions and geographical areas.
Major fires on the periphery of Australian cities are reframing perceptions of what constitutes effective landscape planning and vegetation management.
The reality, however, is a little different: regulators in different countries have not achieved a global consensus on what actually constitutes effective HFT regulatory oversight.
