Since one group pays the other — or doesn't, as the case may be — the two sides are engaged in a symbiotic dance around the issue of valuation.
All of these questions showcase the slippery issue of valuation.
A first approach could be to analyze the issue of valuation of personal data through the eyes of the shareholder.
This specification of x t could be convenient if one wishes to study, for instance, the issue of valuation at time 0 of the option with the expiration date t written on the contract (mathcal {C}^{t}).
The issue of valuation at time t is also important when we ask the following question: at which exit price a contract entered into by the hedger at time 0 can be unwound by him at time t.
In contrast, Albanese et al. (2017), Albanese and Crépey (2017), and Crépey et al. (2017) propose to address the issue of valuation adjustments through an alternative approach, which is based on the global valuation paradigm referencing to the balance sheet of the bank, its internal structure, and long-term interests of bank's shareholders.
It's when the recipient decides to sell the stock that the issue of valuation comes up--for income taxes.
Comparing productivity costs between studies is hampered by the existence of two 'schools' that address the issue of valuation of productivity losses in an entirely different manner.
It is less clear, by contrast, how precisely to interpret positive striatal responses to described value, because little prior work speaks directly to the issue of valuation by description.
Many investors have made a habit of piling into hot new issues, regardless of valuation concerns.
