A rather more contentious issue is the effect of mutation position, within either gene, on the relative risk of breast or ovarian cancer (Gayther et al, 1995; Iau et al, 2001; Thompson et al, 2001).
66 The increasing use of gene panel resequencing of colorectal cancer-associated genes will inadvertently address issues of mutations in heterodimer binding partners for the MMR genes.
On the issue of political mutation, historical opinion is divided.
The effect of mutation on fitness (questions 15 and 16), and the conditions which increase the chance of error (question 10) are issues not addressed by the game.
A concern when analysing allele mutation frequency in MSI+ tumours is the confounding issue of passenger mutations that do not contribute to neoplasia.
Woodruff et al. [ 35] approached the issue of "clustered mutations", which implies that related individuals may inherit identical genetic changes, contrasting an assumption that mutations are independent events.
The issue of cooperating mutations coinciding with BRCA1 and BRCA2 lesions brings forth another interesting observation from the paper by Lee et al [ 6] concerning p53 and mitotic checkpoint mutations.
Absence of a positive family history is noted in a significant proportion of genetic CJD cases (5 88%, depending on the mutation) and has drawn the attention to the issue of penetrance of mutations [4], [12].
In a cognition-based framework, the issues of cancer mutation, clonal lineage, and cell cell fusion can be reappraised.
The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the evolutionary mechanism in the SARS-CoV genome, and in particular to address the issues of the mutation rate and the time for the emergence of the SARS-CoV in the human population.
