The latter isotope is produced instead in a process where 239Pu captures four neutrons under high neutron flux: : \mathrm{^{239}_{\ 94}Pu\ \xrightarrow {4(n,\gamma)} \ ^{243}_{\ 94}Pu\ \xrightarrow [4.956 \ h]{\beta^-} \ ^{243}_{\ 95}Am} Most synthesis routines yield a mixture of different actinide isotopes in oxide forms, from which isotopes of americium need to be separated.
:\mathrm{^{249}_{\ 97}Bk\ \xrightarrow [330 \ d]{\beta^-} \ ^{249}_{\ 98}Cf\ \xrightarrow [351 \ yr]{\alpha} \ ^{245}_{\ 96}Cm} Most synthesis routines yield a mixture of different actinide isotopes as oxides, from which a certain isotope of curium needs to be separated.
The isotopic exchange technique is well established for reactions of oxygen isotopes with metal oxide and metal oxide supported systems.
In addition, isotope labeled deuterium oxide (D2O) experiments suggested that hydrogen exchange between the solvent and the substrate (glucose) are not involved in the mechanistic formation of gluconic acid and confirmed the solvent had no direct influence in the formation of gluconic acid.
The black volume had significantly higher δ65Cu values than the ochre volume indicating preferential sorption/occlusion of the heavy Cu isotope by Fe oxides.
All chemicals used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany) with highest purity available except H2 18O2, which was obtained from Icon Isotopes (Summit, NJ) and benzene oxide which was synthetized by a method similar to that used by Platt and Oesch (1977).
Metallic model performed 8.57% more breeding in isotope 239Pu than the conventional oxide fueled design in the fertile zone, and in the global actinide inventory achieved 3% more 239Pu.
Pups were given a precisely weighed dose (approximately 3 g kg−1) of 99.9% deuterium oxide (D2O; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., MA, USA) by gastric intubation.
For the sample preparations distilled water was always used, except for NMR experiments, where deuterium oxide (D2O) (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, USA) was used.
Rats were treated with a high-fat diet and ASOs for 4 weeks, then 20 mL/kg of 99% deuterium oxide (D2O) (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA) with 0.9% NaCl was injected intraperitoneally and maintained with 5% D2O-enriched drinking water ad libitum for 3 days.
