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Inspection of the results revealed that the first PC reflected largely isometric size variation.
Such a pattern clearly represents an overall increase or diminution of the configuration as results from isometric size change.
We analyzed the weight matrix of each population using a MANCOVA (with size as a covariate to remove isometric size effects, since the reed ecotypes are significantly larger than the stonewort ecotypes).
It was also used to standardize all other FC in order to eliminate isometric size effects and to concentrate on shape information only.
Interestingly, Daniel et al. (1989) stated that: (1) to achieve the highest intake rates, the geometry of the entire feeding apparatus must be tuned, and (2) that isometric size increase of the feeding apparatus increases the energy intake rate at all nectar concentrations.
Trabecular and cortical bone morphology of the tibia was assessed from the in vivo microCT scans using an isometric voxel size of 11.5 µm for trabecular bone and 21 µm for cortical bone.
The resolution of the scanned images was 36 μm (isometric voxel size).
ACs with confidence limits encompassing 1.0 were considered to be isometric with size (normal font).
Samples were scanned on a SkyScan 1172 (SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium) micro-CT apparatus using a 50 kV and 200 μA X-ray source with 0·5-mm aluminium filter, and a rotation step of 0·5° with frame averaging turned on, resulting in an isometric voxel size of 4·5 μm.
The size of each wing was assessed as 'centroid size', an isometric estimator of size calculated as the square root of the summed distances of each landmark from the centre of the landmark configuration; and was calculated using the computer program MORPHOLOGIKA v2.5 [ 59].
First, significantly different pixels are identified by performing a slice-wise unpaired t-test (slice-wise processing was chosen for images with non-isometric voxel size).
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