System mapping and risk assessment techniques identified nearly 200 potential failure modes in hand hygiene, isolation of infection, vital signs monitoring, medication delivery and handover of information.
In many countries the incidence of CDAD seems to be increasing and a toxin-hyperproducing strain (ribotype 027) is becoming more common [ 1, 2], despite the fact that many hospitals have made stringent efforts to control the infection through isolation of infected patients, improved compliance with handwashing and decontamination of the ward environment.
Isolation of cases, infection-control measures in hospitals, and vigilant surveillance at community and population levels are imperative.
In most episodes accompanied by isolation of bacterial infection, drug sensitivities were determined and antibiotics were used accordingly (Table 1).
Response strategies consisted of contact tracing, public education and community mobilization, isolation of cases, infection control through universal precaution and safe burial of the dead using trained burial teams.
In the case reported by Fischer et al. (5 ), although the LCMV cause is not in doubt, the lack of laboratory evidence (serology, immunohistochemical staining, PCR, virus isolation) of LCMV infection in both donors is intriguing.
In the Evaluation Form all data were summarized in 3 topics: availability and adequacy of isolation room s), of infection control procedures, and of strategies for early recognition of HIDs.
(Daughter of PNCA402, an 83 year old female patient) However, the reality was that, even though she was recognised to be dying, the pressure on beds resulted in the patient being moved out of the side room to make way for another patient who required isolation because of infection.
In the absence of virus isolation, the diagnosis of infections with ONNV is difficult because of the close antigenic relationship of this virus with other alphaviruses, especially CHIKV.
Peak isolation of Salmonella bloodstream infections occurred between the periods of March and November.
