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Abiraterone prolongs survival in patients with metastatic (spreading) castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is usually refractory to hormone therapy.
It is usually refractory.
Medial temporal lobe epilepsy is usually refractory to anticonvulsant drugs; brain surgery is effective in such patients.
Staphylococcus aureus is associated with chronic mastitis in cattle, and disease manifestation is usually refractory to antibiotic therapy.
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Since relapsing RMS are usually refractory to standard chemotherapy, the use of more aggressive therapies is needed with long lasting side-effects which affect normal child development.
AML blast cells that are refractory to stimulation with one ligand are usually refractory to others.
However, patients with recurrences are usually refractory to further treatment with beta radiation therapy.
However, patients who experience recurrent disease manifest an increasing number of brain metastases, which are usually refractory to therapies.
These data suggest that blast cells that are refractory to stimulation with one B7-H1-inducing ligand are usually refractory to others.
In malignantly transformed cells, however, this redundancy is often lost and carcinoma-derived cells are usually refractory to growth inhibition by TGF-β [ 10].
Recent studies have suggested that RDR1 is involved in a second RdDM pathway that relies mostly on 21 nt smRNAs and functions to silence a subset of genomic loci that are usually refractory to the normal RdDM pathway in Arabidopsis.
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